Welcome our new MNS Committee 2015-2016

Welcome our new MNS Committee 2015-2016. Vincent Wong, Rose Au, Audrey Dominic Neng, Alcila Abby Anak Affin, Eddy Wong, Cynthia Lobato, Ann Armstrong, Asha Devi Kaushal and Nicole Neuner

Our MNS members that had attended our AGM today 27 June. A few had to leave bit earlier and are not on this picture.

Erik Meijaard: When the People of Borneo First Got Together

By Erik Meijaard on 10:07 am Jun 15, 2015

Category Columns, Opinion

Tags: Borneo, conservation, history, Indigenous people, Kalimantan

The first Borneans possibly arrived by boat. (Antara Photo/Virna Puspa Setyorini)

For many reasons, Borneo remains a mystery. For example, we don’t quite know when people first set foot on the island. The latest archaeological research indicates that modern humans had arrived in northern Borneo by at least 46,000 years ago. Whether some people got there even earlier without leaving a trace is anyone’s guess.
Exactly how those first people got to Borneo is also unclear. Their time of arrival coincided with a time of low sea levels, and Borneo was likely connected to the Malay Peninsula or to Sumatra. In this case, the first people of Borneo probably arrived on foot. Other studies, based on language similarities, however, have suggested that Borneo was settled through Taiwan and the Philippines. These areas were never fully connected to Borneo, which would then suggest that the first Borneans came by boat.
What is obvious from the many studies on human genetics, archaeology, language and culture is that Borneo is a bit of a human melting pot, with people arriving at different times from the Asian mainland, Sulawesi and the Philippines, and bringing along with them their own habits and languages. These movements were not just in one direction, as people left Borneo as well. The settlement of Madagascar from Borneo, a minor 10,000-kilometer boat trip to the west, is a well-documented example. Up until now, all Malagasy languages have close similarities to those spoken in the southeast part of Borneo.

Now, these Bornean people didn’t all get along fabulously. Historic accounts and other evidence indicate a relatively violent past for the island’s people, although probably no more violent than people elsewhere in the world. Inter-tribal warfare occurred frequently, and villages were often barricaded to withstand attacks from raiding parties.
It would have been a pretty scary time to live on Borneo, although these dangerous days seem to have benefited wildlife. Some early writers suggested that species like the rhinoceros survived in such large numbers until the early 20th century, because it was pretty dangerous for hunters to be out in the forest. After forests became safer for people, rhinos rapidly declined.
Obviously, reintroducing war into Borneo is not a conservation strategy I would recommend. The constant wars on Borneo were a great source of suffering and a major concern to Borneo’s people as well as the Dutch and British colonial governments.
Intriguingly, these people and governments managed to do something that has rarely been repeated since. They brought together people from all over the island into one location to discuss and settle the issue of ongoing inter-tribal wars.
Of course, these days, people from different parts of Borneo quite often meet, as do the respective governments, but in those days, there were no airplanes, comfortable hotels and air-conditioned meeting facilities. Instead, the people of Borneo paddled and walked for hundreds and hundreds of kilometers through uninterrupted tropical rainforest. No small feat indeed.
The first such major meeting was the peace conference in Tumbang Anoi on the Upper Kahayan River, deep in the interior of Borneo, in May 1894. After long preparations, Dayak representatives from across the island came together in this relatively obscure village on the border between Dutch West and East Borneo.
Some 418 people attended, representing 116 different villages and ethnic groups. The meetings reportedly took 4 months to complete. Hundreds of buffaloes had to be brought to the village for sacrificial purposes and to feed the people. But, after much talk, an agreement was made that ultimately resulted in a significant decrease in inter-tribal wars and raids.
But the problems weren’t quite solved, so a second and third meeting occurred 30 years later, first in Long Nawang (in what is now East Kalimantan), then in Kapit Fort (in Sarawak). Sporadic hostilities between Ibans, Kayan, Kajangs and the Kenyah, which reached a peak in 1921, brought these people together in 1924 under the presence of Rajah Charles Brooke and the Dutch “controleur” Molenaar.
First, Brooke’s officials took the effort to take the 500-kilometer round-trip journey to Long Nawang, and on Nov. 16, 1924, the favor was returned when a party of 960 men traveling in 97 boats journeyed from their home towns to the Sarawak coast.
A Straits Times article from that year provides a great report on this gathering of 4,200 indigenous people in one spot to address the common war problem. And it seems that this time they really cracked it. I guess they had worked out that peaceful co-existence benefited everyone. In the words of the reporter who was present at the event, the ultimate idea was to “encourage freer intercourse between Sarawak and Dutch Borneo to the benefit of the inhabitants of these rivers, in that they will be able … [to] open up the vast country … for the working of forest products and to peacefully trade.”
I see a pattern there. A meeting in 1894, two meetings in 1924, and if you keep counting in steps of 30 years, you eventually get to 2014. And indeed, in that year once again, the people and governments of Borneo got together to discuss the future of their island in a large Heart of Borneo meeting in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo).
People have been on Borneo for around 50,000 years. At least some have worked out that they need to collaborate to achieve a peaceful co-existence between the people of island and the living ecosystems on which their lives depend.
Not everyone is on board, though, and plenty of people remain who see Borneo as an easy place to fill their pockets. More effective collaboration is needed between Borneo’s people and governments to ensure that sustainable development is not just preached but also practiced. Let’s not wait until 2044…
Erik Meijaard is a conservation scientist coordinating the Borneo Futures initiative.

http://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/opinion/erik-meijaard-people-borneo-first-got-together/

Citizen science and bird-watching, Mary Margaret

Heart of Borneo Eco Challenge

 

Exciting biodiversity in proposed Payeh Maga National Park

AWAS: A male Ashy Drongo, flies back and forth between a few trees to a designated tree near a wooden hut belonging to villagers of Long Tuyo, in the picturesque highlands called Payeh Maga.

The bird, known scientifically as Dicrurus leucophaeus, is a dedicated mate as it helps to feed the female that is roosting on a tree a few metres away from the hut which is known as Camp One.

It is very alert to anyone who tries to approach near to the nest, keeping a close eye to any interference including a group of people comprising Forest Department Sarawak and WWF-Malaysia staff who are carrying out a joint-wildlife survey in the area recently.

Ashy Drongo is just one of the many birds species found in Payeh Maga, a bird-watching paradise.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

The expecting pair is a much welcome sight to the staff after a tiring hike to Camp One from the foothills of Payeh Maga – nearly 4km walk through hilly slopes, swampy grounds, heath and sub-montane forests.

Ashy Drongo is just one of the many birds species found in Payeh Maga, a bird-watching paradise, that is already known for many rare and endemic avifauna species.

In 2014, Forest Department Sarawak commissioned birders Chi’en C. Lee and Yeo Siew Teck to carry out a survey on the area’s avifauna. The survey showed Payeh Maga has over 180 bird species including 27 endemic bird species, comprising over 50% of the Bornean total.

A wreathed hornbill soaring in the sky
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Among the species endemic to Borneo found in Payeh Maga are Bornean Banded Pitta Pitta schwaneri, Black Oriole, Bornean Green Magpie Cissa jefferyi and Bornean Bulbul Pycnonotus montis. Bigger birds such as hornbills and eagles are often spotted soaring in the area as well.

Payeh Maga, nearly two hours drive from Lawas town or about 70km through bumpy logging track is an important area for birds and other forms of wildlife.

Located at the far northeastern of Sarawak, this area is already known for nature-based activities, particularly bird-watching. Payeh Maga is also situated within the Heart of Borneo (HoB) area of Sarawak.

From left: Field staff from WWF-Malaysia Ronny Madius, Forest Department Sarawak Martin Jandom and local guide Langub Labo pointing to the peaks of Payeh Maga on their way up to Camp One.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Visitors to Payeh Maga normally spend a night or two at neighbouring Lun Bawang village called Long Tuyo before putting on their hiking and camping gear the next day. Long Tuyo is 7km away from Payeh Maga. With support from Forest Department Sarawak, villagers have built basic shelters, Camp One located 965m above sea level and Camp Two (1,590m), to cater for researchers who are doing work in this area.

“I’ve brought in domestic and foreign tourists who are jungle trekking, birding and frogging enthusiasts,” said Dawat Barok, 57, a local guide from Long Tuyo.

Since last February, he said, he received between four and six visitors every month. Their visits gave the farmer and his family some side income as they worked as local guides, porters and opened their humble house as homestay.

A tree trunk well-worn by bearded pigs that use it as a back scratcher of sorts.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Dawat said their forefathers used to collect resin in the forests of Payeh Maga and sell it for income but come to their generation, they could not continue the trade as many resin trees had been felled by loggers.

“Payeh Maga used to be a logging concession area but our village stopped the company from further operations in the late 1990s,” said another local guide, Jafri Salutan, 46.

“We realized the importance of this site and therefore, had to prevent any logging activities from being carried out. We do this not only for ourselves but also for our children. Some parts of the area are primary forests,” he added.

Long Tuyo headman Suliman Berauk
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Long Tuyo headman, Salimun Berauk, 73, said the villagers welcome any move by the government to protect Payeh Maga as a conservation area to better protect the area and promote nature-based activities.

He believed that Payeh Maga can provide steady tourism ringgit for the villagers and overall state tourism industry.

“Long Tuyo has 33 households and most of the time our homes are empty as the young generation are working and studying in Lawas and Miri. So we have plenty of rooms for guests who wish to visit our village, see how we live and head up Payeh Maga for a day or overnight trip,” he said.

“We are more than happy to have visitors to our village otherwise it will be very quiet all year round,” he added.

Payeh Maga, which means swampy highlands in the Lun Bawang language, has three peaks. They are Gunung Doa which stands at 570m, Gunung Tuyo (1,752m) on the east side and Gunung Matallan (1,828m), the highest peak, on the west quadrant.

Field staff from WWF-Malaysia Oswald Goniur and Forest Department Sarawak Martin Jandom (right) taking GPS points after setting up a camera trap during the wildlife survey trip.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Forest Department Sarawak carried out scientific expeditions since 2010 to determine the rich biodiversity in the area. From the first expedition which only covered 20 per cent of the area, researchers from Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia have recorded exceptionally rich flora and fauna species.

According to a report, Heart of Borneo Series: Paya Maga – Sarawak’s Pristine Highland Forest, published by the Forest Department Sarawak, it said from the flora component, orchids and gingers are the two most diverse plant groups recorded in Payeh Maga areas.

Preliminary results from the expedition indicate that orchids with 45 genera consisting about 130 species of Rhododendrons recorded in Payeh Maga which are possibly the highest spot for Rhododendrons of Sarawak.

One of the orchid species found in Payeh Maga with petals smaller than the nails on one’s pinky finger.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

Ferns, bryophytes and fungi species are also found abundantly in the area. From those plant groups, many new records have been created. The fauna component is also exceptionally rich.

Great numbers of mammals, birds and insects have been recorded which are comparable high as compared with those found in Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary. Among the mammals found are sun bear, barking deer, pangolin, pig-tailed macaque, leopard cat, Muller’s Bornean gibbon, red langur, Hose’s leaf monkey, yellow-throated marten, bearded pig and Malayan porcupine.

A muntjac or barking deer captured from a camera trap set up by WWF-Malaysia and Forest Department Sarawak
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia

One of the outstanding features of Payeh Maga is that the area is probably the only highland area in the state that is covered with peat forest. The peat forest is probably the highest peat forest on the highland areas in Sarawak at the altitude between 1,400m and 1,600m.

Many waterfalls and rock stream with high aesthetic values for nature-based tourism spots are also found in this place.

Many waterfalls and rock streams with high aesthetic values for nature-based tourism spots are also found here.
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

The report also stated that Payeh Maga highland is an important water catchment area and is drained by two major rivers, Sungai Tuyo from Gunung Tuyo that drains towards the east side to the Sabah state, while Sungai Matallan from Gunung Matallan drains towards the west side of the areas.

The highland area is occupied by sedimentary rocks. The formation comprises amalgated sandstone, white sandstone, coal and shale.

The area is part of Murud complexes located on the northern east toward Lawas town. It consists of four major vegetations – hill dipterocarp forest, sub-montane forest, peat forest and mossy forest.

Cross bedded sandstone facies
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Oswald Goniur

With so much waiting to be discovered in Payeh Maga, Forest Department Sarawak is expected to carry out more wildlife surveys and scientific expeditions with institutions of higher learning and WWF-Malaysia to determine the area’s biodiversity.

WWF-Malaysia is setting up camera traps in Payeh Maga to document terrestrial species that occur here. The survey team has since visited the site twice, once in November 2014 and another recently in May.

Findings from these surveys and expeditions will provide significant contributions towards scientific studies and records of flora and fauna found in Borneo, and hence better conservation efforts to the highlands.

Fungi species are also found abundantly in the area
Picture credit: ©WWF-Malaysia/Zora Chan

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About WWF-Malaysia

WWF-Malaysia (World Wide Fund for Nature-Malaysia) was established in Malaysia in 1972. It currently runs more than 90 projects covering a diverse range of environmental conservation and protection work, from saving endangered species such as tigers and turtles, to protecting our highland forests, rivers and seas. The national conservation organization also undertakes environmental education and advocacy work to achieve its conservation goals. Its mission is to stop the degradation of the earth’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the nation’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wastefulconsumption. For latest news and media resources, visit http://www.wwf.org.my/media_and_information/media_centre/